Snapshot: Public Health Data in the US (Read)

In 2021 and 2022, the Louisiana Department of Health (LDH) published data that obscured rates of asthma-related emergency room (ER) visits in St. John Parish. The Parish is one of several parishes that are disproportionately impacted by industrial pollution in Louisiana. LDH had published smoothed data (data representing areas outside of St. John Parish) which displayed the average number of visits as 55, rather than the 98 annual visits represented by unsmoothed data (nearly twice the state average of 57 visits).

Once the mistake was revealed, LDH reported that a technical issue prevented updates to their data portal. An environmental health scientist with the Office of Public Health’s Section of Environmental Epidemiology and Toxicology reported that Covid-19 had strained resources in the Bureau of Health Informatics. In a separate instance, the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality and the Louisiana Department of Health were called out by the EPA for leaving Black residents disproportionately vulnerable to harmful pollutants. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the EPA conducted an investigation into reports of the agencies discriminating on the basis of race, and found that public health officials conducted flawed health studies and mischaracterized air monitoring data.

Other Snapshots in this Collection

Snapshot: Public Health Data in the US (Reading Guide)

  • Why is counting asthma-related emergency room (ER) visits important?
  • How would different ways to count ER visits could lead to different interpretations of health data?
  • What is environmental epidemiology and toxicology? Find out how they could be useful in understanding environmental issues.
  • What connects these different examples of public health data in the US? How are they similar and different?
  • How could public health data, or the lack of it, contribute to environmental injustice?

Snapshot: Public Health Data in the US (Vocabulary Words)

  • Disproportionate impacts: When a group experiences more adverse effects of a phenomenon compared to other groups.
  • Environmental Epidemiology: "the study of the effect on human health of physical, biologic, and chemical factors in the external environment, broadly conceived. By examining specific populations or communities exposed to different ambient environments, it seeks to clarify the relationship between physical, biologic or chemical factors and human health." (National Institute of Health)
  • Toxicology: "Toxicology is a field of science that helps us understand the harmful effects that chemicals, substances, or situations, can have on people, animals, and the environment. Some refer to toxicology as the “Science of Safety” because as a field it has evolved from a science focused on studying poisons and adverse effects of chemical exposures, to a science devoted to studying safety." (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences)
  • Data portal: A data portal is a tool to explore data with a customised interface that allows users to collect and use data.
  • Environmental health scientist: Scientists who study the role of environmental factors --air, water, soil, diet, metabolism, consumer products -- in human health and disease.